D.Pharma Syllabus (ER-2020)

The Pharmacy Council of India (PCI) has notified the Education Regulations 2020 (ER-2020) for the Diploma in Pharmacy course. This new curriculum is designed to upgrade the professional skills of students and align them with global healthcare standards. Below is the full, unedited detailed syllabus for every subject in the 2-year program.

PART I: First Year Syllabus (Theory)

💊 1. Pharmaceutics (Subject Code: ER20-11T)

Scope: Impart basic knowledge and skills on the art and science of formulating and dispensing different pharmaceutical dosage forms.

• Chapter 1: History of the profession of Pharmacy in India in relation to Pharmacy education, industry, pharmacy practice, and various professional associations. Pharmacy as a career. Pharmacopoeia: Introduction to IP, BP, USP, NF and Extra Pharmacopoeia. Salient features of Indian Pharmacopoeia.
• Chapter 2: Packaging materials: Types, selection criteria, advantages and disadvantages of glass, plastic, metal, rubber as packaging materials.
• Chapter 3: Pharmaceutical aids: Organoleptic (Colouring, flavouring, and sweetening) agents. Preservatives: Definition, types with examples and uses.
• Chapter 4: Unit operations: Definition, objectives/applications, principles, construction, and workings of: Size reduction (hammer mill and ball mill), Size separation (Classification of powders according to IP, Cyclone separator, Sieves and standards), Mixing (Double cone blender, Turbine mixer, Triple roller mill, Silverson mixer homogenizer), Filtration (Theory, membrane filter, sintered glass filter), Drying (fluidized bed dryer, freeze drying), Extraction (Definition, Classification, method, and applications).
• Chapter 5: Tablets (coated and uncoated, various modified tablets like sustained release, extended-release, fast dissolving, multi-layered), Capsules (hard and soft gelatine), Liquid oral preparations (solution, syrup, elixir, emulsion, suspension, dry powder for reconstitution), Topical preparations (ointments, creams, pastes, gels, liniments and lotions, suppositories, and pessaries), Nasal preparations, Ear preparations, Powders and granules (Insufflations, dusting powders, effervescent powders, and granules), Sterile formulations (Injectables, eye drops and eye ointments), Immunological products (Sera, vaccines, toxoids, and their manufacturing methods).
• Chapter 6: Basic structure, layout, sections, and activities of pharmaceutical manufacturing plants. Quality control and quality assurance: Definition and concepts of quality control and quality assurance, current good manufacturing practice (cGMP), Introduction to the concept of calibration and validation.
• Chapter 7: Novel drug delivery systems: Introduction, Classification with examples, advantages, and challenges.

🧪 2. Pharmaceutical Chemistry (Subject Code: ER20-12T)

Scope: Chemical structure, storage conditions, and medicinal uses of organic and inorganic chemical substances.

• Chapter 1: Introduction to Pharmaceutical chemistry: Scope and objectives. Sources and types of errors: Accuracy, precision, significant figures. Impurities in Pharmaceuticals: Source and effect of impurities, importance of limit test, Principle and procedures of Limit tests for chlorides, sulphates, iron, heavy metals and arsenic.
• Chapter 2: Volumetric analysis: Fundamentals, Acid-base titration, non-aqueous titration, precipitation titration, complexometric titration, redox titration. Gravimetric analysis: Principle and method.
• Chapter 3: Inorganic Pharmaceuticals: Haematinics (Ferrous sulphate, Ferrous fumarate, Ferrous ammonium citrate, Ferrous ascorbate, Carbonyl iron), Gastro-intestinal Agents (Antacids like Aluminium hydroxide gel, Magnesium hydroxide, Magaldrate, Sodium bicarbonate, Calcium Carbonate; Acidifying agents, Adsorbents, Protectives, Cathartics), Topical agents (Silver Nitrate, Ionic Silver, Chlorhexidine Gluconate, Hydrogen peroxide, Boric acid, Bleaching powder, Potassium permanganate), Dental products (Calcium carbonate, Sodium fluoride, Denture cleaners/adhesives, Mouth washes), Medicinal gases (Carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, oxygen).
• Chapter 4: Introduction to nomenclature of organic chemical systems with particular reference to heterocyclic compounds containing up to Three rings.
• Chapter 5: Drugs Acting on Central Nervous System: Anaesthetics (Thiopental Sodium, Ketamine Hydrochloride, Propofol), Sedatives and Hypnotics (Diazepam, Alprazolam, Nitrazepam, Phenobarbital), Antipsychotics (Chlorpromazine Hydrochloride, Haloperidol, Risperidone, Sulpiride, Olanzapine, Quetiapine, Lurasidone), Anticonvulsants (Phenytoin, Carbamazepine, Clonazepam, Valproic Acid, Gabapentin, Topiramate, Vigabatrin, Lamotrigine), Anti-Depressants (Amitriptyline Hydrochloride, Imipramine Hydrochloride, Fluoxetine, Venlafaxine, Duloxetine, Sertraline, Citalopram, Escitalopram, Fluvoxamine, Paroxetine).
• Chapter 6: Drugs Acting on Autonomic Nervous System: Sympathomimetic Agents (Direct Acting: Nor-Epinephrine, Epinephrine, Phenylephrine, Dopamine, Terbutaline, Salbutamol, Naphazoline, Tetrahydrozoline; Indirect: Hydroxy Amphetamine, Pseudoephedrine; Mixed: Ephedrine, Metaraminol), Adrenergic Antagonists (Alpha Blockers: Tolazoline, Phentolamine, Phenoxybenzamine, Prazosin; Beta Blockers: Propranolol, Atenolol, Carvedilol), Cholinergic Drugs (Direct: Acetylcholine, Carbachol, Pilocarpine; Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Neostigmine, Edrophonium, Tacrine, Pralidoxime, Echothiopate), Cholinergic Blocking Agents (Atropine Sulphate, Ipratropium Bromide, Tropicamide, Cyclopentolate, Clidinium, Dicyclomine).
• Chapter 7: Drugs Acting on Cardiovascular System: Anti-Arrhythmic Drugs (Quinidine, Procainamide, Verapamil, Phenytoin, Lidocaine, Lorcainide, Amiodarone, Sotalol), Anti-Hypertensive Agents (Propranolol, Captopril, Ramipril, Methyldopate, Clonidine, Hydralazine, Nifedipine), Antianginal Agents (Isosorbide Dinitrate).
• Chapter 8: Diuretics: Acetazolamide, Frusemide, Bumetanide, Chlorthalidone, Benzthiazide, Metolazone, Xipamide, Spironolactone.
• Chapter 9: Hypoglycemic Agents: Insulin and Its Preparations, Metformin, Glibenclamide, Glimepiride, Pioglitazone, Repaglinide, Gliflozins, Gliptins.
• Chapter 10: Analgesic And Anti-Inflammatory Agents: Morphine Analogues, Narcotic Antagonists; NSAIDs (Aspirin, Diclofenac, Ibuprofen, Piroxicam, Celecoxib, Mefenamic Acid, Paracetamol, Aceclofenac).
• Chapter 11: Anti-Infective Agents: Antifungal (Amphotericin-B, Griseofulvin, Miconazole, Ketoconazole, Itraconazole, Fluconazole, Naftifine), Urinary Tract Anti-Infective (Norfloxacin, Ciprofloxacin, Ofloxacin, Moxifloxacin), Anti-Tubercular (INH, Ethambutol, Para Amino Salicylic Acid, Pyrazinamide, Rifampicin, Bedaquiline, Delamanid, Pretomanid), Antiviral (Amantadine, Idoxuridine, Acyclovir, Foscarnet, Zidovudine, Ribavirin, Remdesivir, Favipiravir), Antimalarials (Quinine, Chloroquine, Primaquine, Mefloquine, Cycloguanil, Pyrimethamine, Artemisinin), Sulfonamides (Sulfanilamide, Sulfadiazine, Sulfamethoxazole, Sulfacetamide, Mafenide, Cotrimoxazole, Dapsone).
• Chapter 12: Antibiotics: Penicillin G, Amoxicillin, Cloxacillin, Streptomycin, Tetracyclines (Doxycycline, Minocycline), Macrolides (Erythromycin, Azithromycin), Miscellaneous (Chloramphenicol, Clindamycin).
• Chapter 13: Anti-Neoplastic Agents: Cyclophosphamide, Busulfan, Mercaptopurine, Fluorouracil, Methotrexate, Dactinomycin, Doxorubicin, Vinblastine, Cisplatin, Dromostanolone.

🌿 3. Pharmacognosy (Subject Code: ER20-13T)

Scope: Medicinal uses of various drugs of natural origin, evaluation of crude drugs, and herbal cosmetics.

• Chapter 1: Definition, history, present status and scope of Pharmacognosy.
• Chapter 2: Classification of drugs: Alphabetical, Taxonomical, Morphological, Pharmacological, Chemical, Chemo-taxonomical.
• Chapter 3: Quality control of crude drugs: Different methods of adulteration of crude drugs and Evaluation of crude drugs.
• Chapter 4: Brief outline of occurrence, distribution, isolation, identification tests, therapeutic activity and pharmaceutical applications of alkaloids, terpenoids, glycosides, volatile oils, tannins and resins.
• Chapter 5: Biological source, chemical constituents and therapeutic efficacy of crude drugs.
  Laxatives: Aloe, Castor oil, Ispaghula, Senna.
  Cardiotonic: Digitalis, Arjuna.
  Carminatives/GI regulators: Coriander, Fennel, Cardamom, Ginger, Clove, Black Pepper, Asafoetida, Nutmeg, Cinnamon.
  Astringents: Myrobalan, Black Catechu, Pale Catechu.
  Drugs acting on nervous system: Hyoscyamus, Belladonna, Ephedra, Opium, Tea leaves, Coffee seeds, Coca.
  Anti-hypertensive: Rauwolfia. Anti-tussive: Vasaka, Tolu Balsam. Anti-rheumatics: Colchicum seed. Anti-tumour: Vinca, Podophyllum. Antidiabetics: Pterocarpus, Gymnema. Diuretics: Gokhru, Punarnava. Anti-dysenteric: Ipecacuanha.
  Antiseptics/Disinfectants: Benzoin, Myrrh, Neem, Turmeric. Antimalarials: Cinchona, Artemisia. Oxytocic: Ergot. Vitamins: Cod liver oil, Shark liver oil.
  Enzymes: Papaya, Diastase, Pancreatin, Yeast.
  Pharmaceutical Aids: Kaolin, Lanolin, Beeswax, Acacia, Tragacanth, Sodium alginate, Agar, Guar gum, Gelatine.
  Miscellaneous: Squill, Galls, Ashwagandha, Tulsi, Guggul.
• Chapter 6: Plant fibres used as surgical dressings: Cotton, silk, wool and regenerated fibres. Sutures – Surgical Catgut and Ligatures.
• Chapter 7: Basic principles involved in the traditional systems of medicine like: Ayurveda, Siddha, Unani and Homeopathy. Method of preparation of Ayurvedic formulations like: Arista, Asava, Gutika, Taila, Churna, Lehya and Bhasma.
• Chapter 8: Role of medicinal and aromatic plants in national economy and their export potential.
• Chapter 9: Herbs as health food: Nutraceuticals, Antioxidants, Pro-biotics, Pre-biotics, Dietary fibres, Omega-3-fatty acids, Spirulina, Carotenoids, Soya and Garlic.
• Chapter 10: Introduction to herbal formulations.
• Chapter 11: Herbal cosmetics: Sources, chemical constituents, commercial preparations, therapeutic and cosmetic uses of: Aloe vera gel, Almond oil, Lavender oil, Olive oil, Rosemary oil, Sandal Wood oil.
• Chapter 12: Phytochemical investigation of drugs.

🦴 4. Human Anatomy and Physiology (Subject Code: ER20-14T)

Scope: Structure and functions of the human body, homeostasis mechanisms, and homeostatic imbalances.

• Chapter 1: Scope of Anatomy and Physiology, Definition of various terminologies.
• Chapter 2: Structure of Cell: Components and its functions.
• Chapter 3: Tissues of the human body: Epithelial, Connective, Muscular and Nervous tissues – their sub-types and characteristics.
• Chapter 4: Osseous system: Structure and functions of bones of axial and appendicular skeleton. Classification, types and movements of joints, disorders of joints.
• Chapter 5: Haemopoietic system: Composition and functions of blood, Process of Hemopoiesis, Characteristics and functions of RBCs, WBCs, and platelets, Mechanism of Blood Clotting, Importance of Blood groups.
• Chapter 6: Lymphatic system: Lymph and lymphatic system, composition, function and its formation. Structure and functions of spleen and lymph node.
• Chapter 7: Cardiovascular system: Anatomy and Physiology of heart, Blood vessels and circulation (Pulmonary, coronary and systemic), Cardiac cycle and Heart sounds, Basics of ECG, Blood pressure and its regulation.
• Chapter 8: Respiratory system: Anatomy of respiratory organs and their functions. Regulation, and Mechanism of respiration. Respiratory volumes and capacities – definitions.
• Chapter 9: Digestive system: Anatomy and Physiology of the GIT, Anatomy and functions of accessory glands, Physiology of digestion and absorption.
• Chapter 10: Skeletal muscles: Histology, Physiology of muscle contraction, Disorder of skeletal muscles.
• Chapter 11: Nervous system: Classification, Anatomy and physiology of cerebrum, cerebellum, mid brain, Function of hypothalamus, medulla oblongata and basal ganglia, Spinal cord-structure and reflexes, Names and functions of cranial nerves, Anatomy and physiology of sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system (ANS).
• Chapter 12: Sense organs - Anatomy and physiology of Eye, Ear, Skin, Tongue, Nose.
• Chapter 13: Urinary system: Anatomy and physiology of urinary system, Physiology of urine formation, Renin - angiotensin system, Clearance tests and micturition.
• Chapter 14: Endocrine system (Hormones and their functions): Pituitary gland, Adrenal gland, Thyroid and parathyroid gland, Pancreas and gonads.
• Chapter 15: Reproductive system: Anatomy of male and female reproductive system, Physiology of menstruation, Spermatogenesis and Oogenesis, Pregnancy and parturition.

🌍 5. Social Pharmacy (Subject Code: ER20-15T)

Scope: Public health, epidemiology, preventive care, and the role of pharmacists in public health programs.

• Chapter 1: Introduction to Social Pharmacy: Definition and Scope. Role of Pharmacists in Public Health. Concept of Health -WHO Definition. National Health Policy. Public and Private Health System in India. Introduction to Millennium Development Goals, Sustainable Development Goals, FIP Development Goals.
• Chapter 2: Preventive healthcare – Role of Pharmacists in: Demography and Family Planning, Mother and child health (breastfeeding, infant milk substitutes), Overview of Vaccines, types of immunity and immunization, Effect of Environment on Health (Water/air/noise pollution, sewage), Psychosocial Pharmacy (Drugs of misuse and abuse – psychotropics, narcotics, alcohol, tobacco).
• Chapter 3: Nutrition and Health: Basics of nutrition (Macronutrients/Micronutrients), Importance of water and fibres, Balanced diet, Malnutrition, deficiency diseases, ill effects of junk foods, fortification of food. Food safety, adulteration, artificial ripening, GM foods. Dietary supplements, nutraceuticals, Drug-Food Interactions.
• Chapter 4: Microbiology and Epidemiology: Introduction to microorganisms. Epidemiology terms (epidemic, pandemic, endemic, mode of transmission, quarantine, isolation, incubation, contact tracing, morbidity, mortality). Causative agents, epidemiology, and prevention of: Respiratory infections (Chickenpox, measles, rubella, mumps, influenza, H1N1, SARS, MERS, COVID-19, diphtheria, whooping cough, meningitis, TB, Ebola), Intestinal infections (Poliomyelitis, viral hepatitis, cholera, typhoid, amebiasis, worm infestations, food poisoning), Arthropod-borne (Dengue, malaria, filariasis, chikungunya), Surface infections (Trachoma, tetanus, leprosy), STDs, HIV/AIDS.
• Chapter 5: Introduction to health systems and all ongoing National Health programs in India, their objectives, functioning, outcome, and the role of pharmacists.
• Chapter 6: Pharmacoeconomics – Introduction, basic terminologies, importance of pharmacoeconomics.

PART II: Second Year Syllabus (Theory)

🔬 1. Pharmacology (Subject Code: ER20-21T)

Scope: Basic knowledge about different classes of drugs, indications, dosage, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and contraindications.

• Chapter 1: General Pharmacology: Introduction, scope, Routes of drug administration, Drug absorption, Bioavailability, Drug distribution, Biotransformation, Excretion, General mechanisms of drug action.
• Chapter 2: Drugs Acting on the Peripheral Nervous System: Neurohumoral transmission. Definition, classification, actions, dose, indications, contraindications of: Cholinergic drugs, Anti-Cholinergic drugs, Adrenergic drugs, Anti-adrenergic drugs, Neuromuscular blocking agents, Drugs used in Myasthenia gravis, Local anaesthetic agents, Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).
• Chapter 3: Drugs Acting on the Eye: Miotics, Mydriatics, Drugs used in Glaucoma.
• Chapter 4: Drugs Acting on the Central Nervous System: General anaesthetics, Hypnotics and sedatives, Anti-Convulsant drugs, Anti-anxiety drugs, Anti-depressant drugs, Anti-psychotics, Nootropic agents, Centrally acting muscle relaxants, Opioid analgesics.
• Chapter 5: Drugs Acting on the Cardiovascular System: Anti-hypertensive drugs, Anti-anginal drugs, Anti-arrhythmic drugs, Drugs used in atherosclerosis and Congestive heart failure, Drug therapy for shock.
• Chapter 6: Drugs Acting on Blood and Blood Forming Organs: Hematinic agents, Anti-coagulants, Anti-platelet agents, Thrombolytic drugs.
• Chapter 7: Respiratory System: Bronchodilators, Expectorants, Anti-tussive agents, Mucolytic agents.
• Chapter 8: Drugs Acting on the Gastro Intestinal Tract: Anti-ulcer drugs, Anti-emetics, Laxatives and purgatives, Anti-diarrheal drugs.
• Chapter 9: Drugs Acting on the Kidney: Diuretics, Anti-Diuretics.
• Chapter 10: Hormones and Hormone Antagonists: Thyroid hormones, Anti-thyroid drugs, Parathormone, Calcitonin, Vitamin D, Insulin, Oral hypoglycemic agents, Estrogen, Progesterone, Oxytocin, Corticosteroids.
• Chapter 11: Autocoids: Histamine, 5 HT and Prostaglandins. Classification, clinical uses, and adverse effects of antihistamines and 5 HT antagonists.
• Chapter 12: Chemotherapeutic Agents: Basic principles of chemotherapy. Classification, dose, indication, contraindications of: Penicillins, Cephalosporins, Aminoglycosides, Fluoroquinolones, Macrolides, Tetracyclines, Sulphonamides, Anti-tubercular drugs, Anti-fungal drugs, Anti-viral drugs, Anti-amoebic agents, Anthelmintics, Anti-malarial agents, Anti-neoplastic agents.
• Chapter 13: Biologicals: Definition, types, and indications of biological agents with examples.

🏘️ 2. Community Pharmacy and Management (Subject Code: ER20-22T)

Scope: Establishing and running a community pharmacy, dispensing, patient counselling, and health screening.

• Chapter 1: Community Pharmacy Practice – Definition, history and development (International and Indian scenarios).
• Chapter 2: Professional responsibilities of community pharmacists. Good Pharmacy Practice and SOPs.
• Chapter 3: Prescription and prescription handling: Definition, parts, legality, labelling, brief instructions. Dispensing process, Good Dispensing Practices, dispensing errors and strategies to minimize them.
• Chapter 4: Communication skills: Definition, types, interactions with professionals and patients, verbal/written communication, Body language, Patient interview techniques.
• Chapter 5: Patient counselling: Definition, benefits, stages, barriers. Counselling points for chronic diseases (Hypertension, Diabetes, Asthma, Tuberculosis, COPD, AIDS). Patient Package Inserts, Patient Information leaflets.
• Chapter 6: Medication Adherence: Factors influencing non-adherence, strategies to overcome.
• Chapter 7: Health Screening Services in Community Pharmacy: Scope and importance (BP, BMI, Blood Glucose, Lung function).
• Chapter 9: Over The Counter (OTC) Medications: Definition, role of Pharmacists, Self-medication. Responding to minor ailments (Pain, Cough, Cold, Diarrhea, Constipation, Vomiting, Fever, Sore throat, Skin disorders, Oral health).
• Chapter 10: Community Pharmacy Management: Legal requirements, Site selection, Pharmacy designs, Vendor selection, Procurement, Inventory control, Financial planning, Accountancy (Day book, Cash book), Pharmacy operation softwares, CRM, Audits, SOP, Digital Health, mHealth and Online pharmacies.

🧪 3. Biochemistry & Clinical Pathology (Subject Code: ER20-23T)

Scope: Structure and functions of biomolecules, metabolic pathways, and clinical pathology of blood and urine.

• Chapter 1: Introduction to biochemistry: Scope, Cell and its biochemical organization.
• Chapter 2: Carbohydrates: Definition, classification (Monosaccharides, Disaccharides, Polysaccharides), Qualitative tests and biological role.
• Chapter 3: Proteins: Definition, classification, Amino acids, Structure of proteins, Qualitative tests, Diseases related to malnutrition.
• Chapter 4: Lipids: Definition, classification, Fatty acids, Structure of triglycerides, Cholesterol, Lipoproteins, Qualitative tests.
• Chapter 5: Nucleic acids: Definition, Purine and pyrimidine bases, Nucleosides, Nucleotides, Structure of DNA and RNA.
• Chapter 6: Enzymes: Definition, properties, classification, Factors affecting activity, Mechanism of action, Enzyme inhibitors, Therapeutic importance.
• Chapter 7: Vitamins: Definition, classification, Sources, chemical nature, functions, coenzyme form, deficiency diseases of fat and water-soluble vitamins.
• Chapter 8: Metabolism: Carbohydrates (Glycolysis, TCA cycle, glycogen metabolism), Lipids (Lipolysis, β-oxidation, Ketogenesis), Amino acids (Transamination, deamination, Urea cycle), Biological oxidation (Electron transport chain).
• Chapter 9: Minerals: Types, Functions, Deficiency diseases.
• Chapter 10: Water and Electrolytes: Distribution, balance, Electrolyte composition, Dehydration, ORS.
• Chapter 11: Introduction to Biotechnology.
• Chapter 12: Organ function tests: Kidney Function Tests, Liver Function Tests, Lipid profile tests.
• Chapter 13: Introduction to Pathology of Blood and Urine: Lymphocytes, Platelets, Erythrocytes (Abnormal cells), Normal and Abnormal constituents of Urine.

🩺 4. Pharmacotherapeutics (Subject Code: ER20-24T)

Scope: Etiopathogenesis of common diseases and their management along with quality use of medicines.

• Chapter 1: Introduction, scope, and objectives. Rational use of Medicines, Evidence Based Medicine, Essential Medicines List, Standard Treatment Guidelines (STGs).
• Chapter 2: Definition, etiopathogenesis, clinical manifestations, non-pharmacological and pharmacological management of the diseases associated with:
  (a) Cardiovascular: Hypertension, Angina, Myocardial infarction, Hyperlipidaemia, Congestive Heart Failure.
  (b) Respiratory: Asthma, COPD.
  (c) Endocrine: Diabetes, Thyroid disorders.
  (d) Central Nervous System: Epilepsy, Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, Stroke, Migraine.
  (e) Gastro Intestinal: GERD, Peptic Ulcer Disease, Alcoholic liver disease, Inflammatory Bowel Diseases.
  (f) Haematological: Iron deficiency anaemia, Megaloblastic anaemia.
  (g) Infectious diseases: Tuberculosis, Pneumonia, Urinary tract infections, Hepatitis, Gonorrhoea, Syphilis, Malaria, HIV, Viral Infections (SARS, CoV2).
  (h) Musculoskeletal: Rheumatoid arthritis, Osteoarthritis.
  (i) Dermatology: Psoriasis, Scabies, Eczema.
  (j) Psychiatric: Depression, Anxiety, Psychosis.
  (k) Ophthalmology: Conjunctivitis, Glaucoma.
  (l) Anti-microbial Resistance.
  (m) Women’s Health: PCOS, Dysmenorrhea, Premenstrual Syndrome.

🏥 5. Hospital and Clinical Pharmacy (Subject Code: ER20-25T)

Scope: Fundamental knowledge and professional skills required for facilitating various hospital and clinical pharmacy services.

• Chapter 1: Hospital Pharmacy: Definition, scope, Organisational structure, Professional responsibilities, GPP, Hospital Pharmacy Standards, NAQS, NABH Accreditation.
• Chapter 2: Committees: Pharmacy and Therapeutics Committee (PTC), Hospital Formulary, Infection Control Committee.
• Chapter 3: Supply Chain and Inventory Control: Drug lists (High Risk, Schedule H1, NDPS), Purchasing procedure, Inventory control techniques (EOQ, Reorder Quantity), Cold Chain, FEFO/FIFO, Disposal of Narcotics/cytotoxic drugs.
• Chapter 4: Drug distribution: In-patients and out-patients (Unit Dose, Floor Stock), Distribution to ICU, Automated drug dispensing, Distribution of Narcotics.
• Chapter 5: Compounding in Hospitals: IV admixture services, Total parenteral nutrition (TPN).
• Chapter 6: Radio Pharmaceuticals: Storage, dispensing, disposal.
• Chapter 7: Application of computers in Hospital Pharmacy, Electronic health records (EHR).
• Chapter 8: Clinical Pharmacy: Definition, scope, Ward round participation, Treatment Chart Review, Medication history, Patient counselling.
• Chapter 9: Clinical laboratory tests: Interpretation of Haematological, Liver function, Renal function, Thyroid function, Cardiac disorders, Fluid/electrolyte balance, Pulmonary Function Tests.
• Chapter 10: Poisoning: Clinical manifestations and Antidotes. Poison Information Centre.
• Chapter 11: Pharmacovigilance: Definition, aim and scope.
• Chapter 12: Medication errors: LASA drugs, Tallman lettering. Drug Interactions.

⚖️ 6. Pharmacy Law and Ethics (Subject Code: ER20-26T)

Scope: Important legislations related to the profession of pharmacy in India.

• Chapter 1: General Principles of Law, History and various Acts related to Drugs and Pharmacy profession.
• Chapter 2: Pharmacy Act-1948 and Rules: PCI, Education Regulations, State Councils, Registration, Offences. Pharmacy Practice Regulations 2015.
• Chapter 3: Drugs and Cosmetics Act 1940 and Rules 1945: Schedules, Import of drugs, Manufacture of drugs, Sale of Drugs (Wholesale/Retail), Administration (DTAB, CDL, Drug Inspectors). Schedules C, H, H1, X, K, P, M, N.
• Chapter 4: Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act 1985 (NDPS): Prohibition, Control, Offences and Penalties.
• Chapter 5: Drugs and Magic Remedies (Objectionable Advertisements) Act 1954.
• Chapter 6: Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act-1960: CPCSEA Guidelines.
• Chapter 7: Poisons Act-1919.
• Chapter 8: FSSAI Act and Rules: Manufacture, storage, sale, and labelling of Food Supplements.
• Chapter 9: National Pharmaceutical Pricing Authority (NPPA): DPCO 2013, NLEM.
• Chapter 10: Code of Pharmaceutical Ethics: Pharmacist’s oath.
• Chapter 11: Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act (MTP).
• Chapter 12: Role of CDSCO, IPC.
• Chapter 13: Good Regulatory practices.
• Chapter 14: Clinical Trials (New Drug Rules 2019), BCS system, ANDA, NDA, Patent Law, IPR.
• Chapter 15: Blood bank basic requirements.
• Chapter 16: Clinical Establishment Act.
• Chapter 17: Biomedical Waste Management Rules 2016.
• Chapter 18: Bioethics (ICMR Guidelines).
• Chapter 19: Consumer Protection Act.
• Chapter 20: Disaster Management Act.
• Chapter 21: Medical Devices – Categorization, manufacture, and sale.