Statement and Assumption
1. (a); (i) VALID: Root Cause. The government must have decided to pay the compensation to the
adda victims assuming they have enough funds to meet the expenses,
(ii) INVALID: Not directly related to the statement. It may look like a desired outcome, but there is no
proof of it in the statement.
2 (c); (1) VALID: Root Cause. The customer writes the latter to the editor assuming that every
customer has a right to get the bill of the services used.
(ii) VALID: Desired outcome. He addresses his grievance to the editor with a desire that the services
get corrected in the future.
3. (c); (1) VALID: Root Cause. The statement mentions that the management asked the union to call
off the strike immediately else they would be "forced" to close down the factory which shows that
there is no other alternative with them.
(ii) VALID: Desired outcome. The management threatened the union with a desire that it may have
some effect on them and they might call off the strike.
4. (c); (1) VALID: Root Cause. The concerned person must have advised someone to go to the court,
after assuming the fact that courts can intervene in such cases.
(ii) VALID Root Cause. Again, he advises an extreme course of action of going to the court assuming
the fact that it is an obligation on the employer to pay the provident fund to the employees.
5. (b); (1) INVALID: If it would have been "impossible", the person would said that such unfortunate
and disastrous terrorist activities could never be contained. He wouldn't have been optimistic about
it.
(ii) VALID: Root Cause. It must have been assumed that the efforts to control such acts are on, that is
why it is said that no one can predict how long it would take to control such acts.
6. (a); (i) VALID: Desired Outcome. The principal warned the teachers because he desired that
teachers would handle the situation properly and point out the naughty students.
(ii) INVALID: Not related to the statement. The perspective of the students is not mentioned in the
statement; hence the assumption cannot be accepted.
7. (a); (i) VALID: Root Cause. It must have been assumed that the scheme will attract the students,
that is why it is proposed to be implemented.
(ii) INVALID: Not related to the statement. There is no mention of "good food" in the statement. It
says the children who are otherwise deprived of good food, who might be getting ordinary food to
eat, would attend the school. There is no proof of such thought in the statement.
8. (d); (i) INVALID: Not related to the statement. The statement talks about traffic jams on roads.
There is no mention about the cause of the traffic jams. The material resulting in the potholes on
roads can be a cause. But this assumption cannot be accepted for sure as there is no mention about
it in the statement
(ii) INVALID: Not related to the statement. The assumption shows the comparison of monsoons with
other seasons. There is no such proof in the statement. Hence, the assumption cannot be accepted.
9. (c); (i) VALID: Desired outcome. At the time of adda putting up the notice, the author must have
assumed people would read that people may not trespass. it and desired
(ii) VALID: Root Cause. The author cautioned the people about the prosecution by assuming that
people will be scared of it.
10. (c); Both are desired effects.
11. (c); (1) VALID Desired outcome. The government would have decided to disinvest the equity with
a desire of generating enough amount which would manage the fiscal deficit.
(ii) VALID: Root Cause. The government would have decided to make the shares available in the
market with an assumption that there would be enough demand for them in the market.
12. (b); Only II is a root cause, as the idea is to reach the destination before Friday. Kartik may reach
on Wednesday, but that is not the objective
13. (a); I is a root cause, else the advisory would not have been issued. II is neither a cause nor effect
14. (b); (6) statement. The statement shows that author stoints out at "underutilization" of the
bridge Nowhere it is mentioned that such bridges don't serve "any" public objective.
(ii) VALID: Root Cause. The citizen must have kept in mind the accountability and the utility of money
spent, that is why he complaints about the underutilization.
15. (b); (1) INVALID: Not related to the statement. There is no proof in the statement about reaching
airport all the time being a necessity.
(ii) VALID: Root Cause. Since the author focuses on the fact that because of too many potholes on
road X, it is difficult to reach the airport on time shows that there is no other convenient road which
can be opted for.
16. (c); I is a root cause, II is a desired effect
17. (b); II is implicit on the cause side.
18. (c); Both are desired effects
19. (a); I is a desired effect
20. (d); (i) INVALID: Not directly related to statement. Since the statement shows increase in the
number of cases of food poisoning, the cause should also show an increment. Large number of
people cannot justify the increase in cases. The number could have been large before also.
(ii) INVALID: Not directly related to statement. Again, many shops cannot justify the increase in the
cases of food poisoning. The number of shops could have been many before also.
21. (a); I is a root cause, as without adequate schools, appointments cannot be made.
22. (a); Only I is implicit. II is not implicit because we cannot say anything about the other functions
of the company
23. (b); Only II is implicit on the cause side
24. (a); Only I is implicit on cause side, as this why the instruction has been given.
25. (d); Neither is implicit as both are contrary to the statement.
26. (a); I is implicit on the cause side, II is neither a root cause nor a desired effect of the statement
27. (b); Only II is implicit as this is a desired effect, I is not a root cause as the Government may have
sufficient money, but has decided to levy the charge to reduce the financial burden.
28. (b); Only II is implicit as without flexibility the system cannot be reformed
29. (c); l is a desired effect, II is a root cause
30. (c); I is a desired effect, II is a root cause
31. (d); Only I am implicit
Assumption I is not implicit as the reduction in travel time may be due to high speed trains also.
Assumption II is not implicit as the other mode of transport has not been discussed in the given
statement.
32 (d); Assumption II is not implicit as nothing as been said about other emotions in the statement. I
is not implicit as it is not connected with the given statement.
(b); Only II is implicit as it is hidden is the given statement. But assumption I is irrelevant because of
the word 'All'.
34. (b); Only as the value of life is, I is implicit, different for educated and uneducated persons. So it
is obvious that education has its impact on the values of life of a person. Assumption II is not
connected with the given statement.
35. (b); Neither I nor II is implicit.
36. (a); I is a desired effect
37. (d); Both are contrary to the statement
38. (a); I is a root cause
39. (c); Both are desired effects
40. (c); Both are desired effects
41. (d); Neither is implicit. I is not implicit as only main routes are banned, II is not implicit because it
is not a root cause of the statement
42. (b); II is a root cause
43. (c); Both are root causes
44. (a); Only I is implicit as it is a root cause
45. (c); Bothare desired effects
46. (c); Both are root causes
47. (a); Only I is a root cause
48. (c); Both are desired effects
49. (b); Only II is a root cause
50. (c); Both are root causes of the statement.
51. (b); 'Only' word makes the assumption weak. IInd assumption is implicit
52. (a); Assumption I is implicit while Ind is not.
53. (c); Both I and II are implicit because people know well about K-series engine according to
statement also it is important for buyers,
54. (c); By close observation we can say that both I and II are implicit
55. (c); Both are implicit.
56. (d); Neither I nor II is implicit.
57. (a); It is assumed that people prefer to travel by air when the fares are reasonable, hence a
comparison in fare between train and air is given.
58. (b); Warning has been displayed because people do not understand the implications of
committing cognizable offence.
59. (d); It is clear from the statement that the water supply to the area was adequate in the past.
60. (d); All the assumptions are implicit.
